![]() ![]() Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit caffeine to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine, but others show little disturbance. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity and apnea of prematurity. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others.Ĭaffeine has both positive and negative health effects. Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. ![]() In 2020, almost 10 million tonnes of coffee beans were consumed globally. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. People may drink beverages containing caffeine to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve cognitive performance. ![]() The best-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant. It is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America, and helps to protect them against herbivores and from competition by preventing the germination of nearby seeds, as well as encouraging consumption by select animals such as honey bees. Ĭaffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows it to bind and block its receptors. Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A 1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is mainly used recreationally or as a cognitive enhancer, increasing alertness and attentional performance. If you’re doing an Easter egg hunt then remember to keep your dog away and always check that all chocolate eggs have been found afterwards.Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. Just because it’s wrapped, doesn't mean that your dog can’t smell that it’s there.įind out about other dangers at Christmas.Īt Easter, remember to keep all chocolate Easter eggs safely away from your dog. ![]() If you know there are any wrapped chocolate boxes, try to keep these separate from the other gifts that might go under your Christmas tree. Over the festive period there’s often an abundance of chocolate, so remember to keep chocolate advent calendars up high and don’t add chocolate coins or decorations to your Christmas tree. During these periods take extra care to ensure that all chocolate is kept out of the reach of your dog and is not left lying around.Īt Christmas, dogs are four times more likely to be taken to the vets with chocolate poisoning than at any other time of the year. Each year, reports of dogs with chocolate poisoning rise dramatically around Christmas and Easter. ![]()
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